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Lidocaine

Summary

Lidocaine is a local coldhearted used in a wide variety of superficial and invasive procedures.

Make Names

Agoneaze, Akten, Anestacon, Anodyne Lpt, Astero, Rough-and-tumble Hurt-free, Cathejell, Curacaine, Depo-medrol With Lidocaine, Dermacinrx Lido V Pak, Dermacinrx Phn Pak, Dermacinrx Prikaan, Emla, Fortacin, Glydo, Instillagel, Kenalog, Lido Bdk, Lido-prilo Caine Pack, Lidodan, Lidoderm, Lidopac, Lidopril, Lidopro, Lidothol, Lidotral, Lignospan, Marcaine, Max-freeze, Medi-derm With Lidocaine, Neo-bex, Octocaine, Octocaine With Epinephrine, Oraqix, P-intendance, P-intendance X, Pliaglis, Prilolid, Prizotral, Procomycin, Readysharp Anesthetics Plus Ketorolac, Readysharp-A, Readysharp-p40, Readysharp-p80, Relador, Synera, Triple Antibiotic, Venipuncture Px1, Viadur, Xylocaine, Xylocaine With Epinephrine, Xylocard, Xylonor, Zingo, Ztlido

Generic Name

Lidocaine

DrugBank Accession Number

DB00281

Background

Ever since its discovery and availability for sale and apply in the late 1940s, lidocaine has become an exceptionally usually used medication ⁶. In item, lidocaine's principal mode of action in acting as a local coldhearted that numbs the sensations of tissues means the agent is indicated for facilitating local anesthesia for a large variety of surgical procedures ^10,7,8. Information technology ultimately elicits its numbing action by blocking sodium channels so that the neurons of local tissues that have the medication practical on are transiently incapable of signaling the encephalon regarding sensations ^x,7,8. In doing so, however, information technology can block or subtract muscle contractile, resulting in effects similar vasodilation, hypotension, and irregular heart rate, among others ^x,vii,eight. Every bit a issue, lidocaine is also considered a class Ib anti-arrhythmic agent ^seven,8,12. All the same, lidocaine's local anesthetic activity sees its apply in many medical situations or circumstances that may benefit from its action, including the treatment of premature ejaculation ⁵.

Regardless, lidocaine is currently available as a relatively non-expensive generic medication that is written for in millions of prescriptions internationally on a yearly basis. It is even included in the World Health Arrangement'south List of Essential Medicines ⁹.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Vet canonical

Structure

Weight: Average: 234.3373
Monoisotopic: 234.173213336
Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₂₂N₂O

Synonyms

two-(Diethylamino)-two',6'-acetoxylidide
two-(Diethylamino)-Due north-(ii,half-dozen-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
blastoff-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide
Lidocaína
Lidocaina
Lidocaine
Lidocainum
Lignocaine
α-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide

External IDs

ALGRX 3268
ALGRX-3268
LSM-3165
NSC-40030

Indication

Lidocaine is an anesthetic of the amide grouping indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nervus block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and past central neural techniques such every bit lumbar and caudal epidural blocks ^10,vii.

Pharmacology

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Associated Weather

Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
Anorectal discomfort
Arrhythmia
Back Hurting Lower Back
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Burns
Cervical Syndrome
Earache
Scissure;Anal
Haemorrhoids
Infection
Inflammatory Reaction caused by ear infection-non otherwise specified
Insect Bites
Joint Pain
Mixed Vaginal Infections
Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Myringitis
Neuritis
Osteolysis caused past Bone Tumors
Osteoporosis
Otitis Externa
Pain acquired by ear infection-non otherwise specified
Pain, Inflammatory
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
Rheumatic Diseases
Rheumatic Joint Affliction
Sciatica
Skin Irritation
Soft Tissue Inflammation
Sore Pharynx
Sunburn
Susceptible infections
Trichomonas Vaginitis
Ulcers, Leg
Urethral Strictures
Ventricular Arrhythmia
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Abrasions
Anal discomfort
Cutaneous lesions
Gum pain
Pocket-sized burns
Superficial Wounds
Susceptible Bacterial Infections
Ulceration of the rima oris
Viral infections of the external ear canal

Associated Therapies

Post Myocardial Infarction Treatment
Regional Anesthesia
Local anesthesia therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

Contraindications

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Pharmacodynamics

Excessive blood levels of lidocaine tin cause changes in cardiac output, full peripheral resistance, and mean arterial pressure ^10,7. With key neural occludent these changes may exist attributable to the block of autonomic fibers, a direct depressant effect of the local anesthetic amanuensis on various components of the cardiovascular organisation, and/or the beta-adrenergic receptor stimulating action of epinephrine when nowadays ^ten,7. The internet effect is commonly a modest hypotension when the recommended dosages are not exceeded ^10,vii.

In particular, such cardiac effects are likely associated with the principal effect that lidocaine elicits when it binds and blocks sodium channels, inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of electrical activity potential impulses necessary to facilitate muscle contraction ^x,vii,viii. Afterwards, in cardiac myocytes, lidocaine can potentially block or otherwise dull the rise of cardiac action potentials and their associated cardiac myocyte contractions, resulting in possible effects similar hypotension, bradycardia, myocardial depression, cardiac arrhythmias, and perhaps cardiac arrest or circulatory collapse ^ten,vii,8.

Moreover, lidocaine possesses a dissociation abiding (pKa) of 7.vii and is considered a weak base ⁸. Equally a outcome, about 25% of lidocaine molecules will be united nations-ionized and available at the physiological pH of 7.iv to translocate inside nerve cells, which means lidocaine elicits an onset of activeness more apace than other local anesthetics that accept higher pKa values ⁸. This rapid onset of action is demonstrated in about ane minute following intravenous injection and fifteen minutes following intramuscular injection ^vii. The administered lidocaine subsequently spreads speedily through the surrounding tissues and the anesthetic effect lasts approximately ten to twenty minutes when given intravenously and nearly sixty to ninety minutes after intramuscular injection ⁷.

However, information technology appears that the efficacy of lidocaine may be minimized in the presence of inflammation ⁸. This effect could be due to acidosis decreasing the corporeality of un-ionized lidocaine molecules, a more rapid reduction in lidocaine concentration every bit a issue of increased blood menstruum, or potentially also because of increased production of inflammatory mediators like peroxynitrite that elicit directly actions on sodium channels ^viii.

Mechanism of action

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type ^x,7,eight. It is used to provide local anesthesia by nervus blockade at diverse sites in the body ^10,seven,8. It does and then by stabilizing the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic activeness ^x,seven,8. In item, the lidocaine agent acts on sodium ion channels located on the internal surface of nervus cell membranes ^10,vii,viii. At these channels, neutral uncharged lidocaine molecules diffuse through neural sheaths into the axoplasm where they are subsequently ionized by joining with hydrogen ions ^10,seven,8. The resultant lidocaine cations are then capable of reversibly binding the sodium channels from the inside, keeping them locked in an open state that prevents nerve depolarization ^ten,7,8. Equally a result, with sufficient blockage, the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will ultimately not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an activity potential ^x,vii,8. This facilitates an coldhearted issue by not merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain just past aborting their generation in the get-go identify ^10,7,8.

In improver to blocking conduction in nerve axons in the peripheral nervous system, lidocaine has important effects on the fundamental nervous system and cardiovascular system ^10,7,viii. After absorption, lidocaine may cause stimulation of the CNS followed by depression and in the cardiovascular system, it acts primarily on the myocardium where information technology may produce decreases in electrical excitability, conduction charge per unit, and force of contraction ^10,7,8.

Target	Actions	Organism
ASodium aqueduct protein type x subunit alpha	inhibitor	Humans
ASodium aqueduct protein blazon nine subunit alpha	inhibitor	Humans
ASodium aqueduct protein blazon 5 subunit blastoff	inhibitor	Humans
UEpidermal growth factor receptor	antagonist	Humans
USodium aqueduct protein type iv subunit alpha	Not Available	Humans
UAlpha-1-acid glycoprotein one	Not Available	Humans
UAlpha-1-acrid glycoprotein 2	Non Available	Humans

Absorption

In general, lidocaine is readily absorbed across mucous membranes and damaged skin just poorly through intact skin ¹². The agent is rapidly captivated from the upper airway, tracheobronchial tree, and alveoli into the bloodstream ¹². And although lidocaine is likewise well absorbed across the alimentary canal the oral bioavailability is only near 35% as a result of a high degree of first-pass metabolism ¹². After injection into tissues, lidocaine is also rapidly absorbed and the absorption rate is affected by both vascularity and the presence of tissue and fat capable of bounden lidocaine in the particular tissues ¹².

The concentration of lidocaine in the claret is afterwards afflicted by a variety of aspects, including its rate of assimilation from the site of injection, the rate of tissue distribution, and the charge per unit of metabolism and excretion ^10,vii,viii. Subsequently, the systemic assimilation of lidocaine is determined by the site of injection, the dosage given, and its pharmacological profile ^{10,seven,eight}. The maximum blood concentration occurs post-obit intercostal nerve occludent followed in guild of decreasing concentration, the lumbar epidural space, brachial plexus site, and subcutaneous tissue ^x,seven,8. The total dose injected regardless of the site is the chief determinant of the absorption rate and blood levels achieved ^10,7,viii. There is a linear relationship betwixt the amount of lidocaine injected and the resultant peak anesthetic blood levels ^10,7,eight.

Nevertheless, it has been observed that lidocaine hydrochloride is completely absorbed post-obit parenteral administration, its rate of absorption depending too on lipid solubility and the presence or absenteeism of a vasoconstrictor agent ^{10,seven,eight}. Except for intravascular assistants, the highest blood levels are obtained following intercostal nervus block and the everyman after subcutaneous assistants ^10,7,8.

Additionally, lidocaine crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers, presumably past passive improvidence ^x.

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution determined for lidocaine is 0.7 to 1.five 50/kg ⁸.

In item, lidocaine is distributed throughout the full torso water ^seven. Its rate of disappearance from the blood can be described by a two or possibly fifty-fifty three-compartment model ^seven. There is a rapid disappearance (alpha phase) which is believed to be related to uptake past rapidly equilibrating tissues (tissues with high vascular perfusion, for example) ⁷. The slower phase is related to distribution to slowly equilibrating tissues (beta phase) and to its metabolism and excretion (gamma phase) ⁷.

Lidocaine'southward distribution is ultimately throughout all body tissues ⁷. In general, the more highly perfused organs volition bear witness higher concentrations of the amanuensis ^vii. The highest percentage of this drug volition be establish in skeletal muscle, mainly due to the mass of muscle rather than an affinity ⁷.

Protein bounden

The protein binding recorded for lidocaine is near 60 to 80% and is dependent upon the plasma concentration of alpha-one-acid glycoprotein ^10,viii. Such percentage protein binding bestows lidocaine with a medium duration of action when placed in comparing to other local coldhearted agents ⁸.

Metabolism

Lidocaine is metabolized predominantly and speedily past the liver, and metabolites and unchanged drug are excreted by the kidneys ^10,vii. Biotransformation includes oxidative Northward-dealkylation, ring hydroxylation, cleavage of the amide linkage, and conjugation ^10,vii. N-dealkylation, a major pathway of biotransformation, yields the metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide ^10,vii. The pharmacological/toxicological deportment of these metabolites are similar to, just less potent than, those of lidocaine HCl ^ten,7. Approximately 90% of lidocaine HCl administered is excreted in the form of diverse metabolites, and less than 10% is excreted unchanged ^10,7. The principal metabolite in urine is a conjugate of four-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylaniline ^x,7.

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Route of elimination

The excretion of unchanged lidocaine and its metabolites occurs predominantly via the kidney with less than 5% in the unchanged grade actualization in the urine ^10,7. The renal clearance is inversely related to its protein binding affinity and the pH of the urine ⁷. This suggests by the latter that excretion of lidocaine occurs by non-ionic diffusion ^vii.

Half-life

The elimination one-half-life of lidocaine hydrochloride post-obit an intravenous bolus injection is typically 1.5 to 2.0 hours ¹⁰. Because of the rapid charge per unit at which lidocaine hydrochloride is metabolized, any condition that affects liver function may change lidocaine HCl kinetics ¹⁰. The half-life may be prolonged two-fold or more in patients with liver dysfunction ¹⁰.

Clearance

The hateful systemic clearance observed for intravenously administered lidocaine in a report of 15 adults was approximately 0.64 +/- 0.18 L/min ¹¹.

Adverse Furnishings

Adverseeffects

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Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose and/or astute systemic toxicity involves primal nervous organisation toxicity that presents with symptoms of increasing severity ⁷. Patients may present initially with circumoral paraesthesia, numbness of the tongue, light-headedness, hyperacusis, and tinnitus ⁷. Visual disturbance and muscular tremors or muscle twitching are more than serious and precede the onset of generalized convulsions ⁷. These signs must non be mistaken for neurotic behavior ⁷. Unconsciousness and thou mal convulsions may follow, which may last from a few seconds to several minutes ^vii. Hypoxia and hypercapnia occur rapidly following convulsions due to increased muscular activity, together with the interference with normal respiration and loss of the airway ^seven. In severe cases, apnoea may occur. Acidosis increases the toxic effects of local anesthetics ⁷. Effects on the cardiovascular arrangement may be seen in severe cases ⁷. Hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest may occur as a event of high systemic concentrations, with potentially fatal outcome ⁷.

Pregnancy Category B has been established for the use of lidocaine in pregnancy, although there are no formal, adequate, and well-controlled studies in meaning women ^ten. Full general consideration should be given to this fact before administering lidocaine to women of childbearing potential, specially during early pregnancy when maximum organogenesis takes place ^x. Ultimately, although animal studies have revealed no show of damage to the fetus, lidocaine should non be administered during early pregnancy unless the benefits are considered to outweigh the risks ^vii. Lidocaine readily crosses the placental barrier later epidural or intravenous administration to the female parent ^vii. The ratio of umbilical to maternal venous concentration is 0.5 to 0.vi ^vii. The fetus appears to be capable of metabolizing lidocaine at term ⁷. The elimination half-life in the newborn of the drug received in utero is about 3 hours, compared with 100 minutes in the adult ^vii. Elevated lidocaine levels may persist in the newborn for at least 48 hours later on delivery ^seven. Fetal bradycardia or tachycardia, neonatal bradycardia, hypotonia or respiratory depression may occur ⁷.

Local anesthetics rapidly cross the placenta and when used for epidural, paracervical, pudendal or caudal block anesthesia, tin cause varying degrees of maternal, fetal and neonatal toxicity ¹⁰. The potential for toxicity depends upon the procedure performed, the type and corporeality of drug used, and the technique of drug administration ¹⁰. Agin reactions in the parturient, fetus and neonate involve alterations of the primal nervous system, peripheral vascular tone, and cardiac office ^x.

Maternal hypotension has resulted from regional anesthesia ¹⁰. Local anesthetics produce vasodilation by blocking sympathetic nerves ¹⁰. Elevating the patient's legs and positioning her on her left side will help forestall decreases in blood pressure level ¹⁰. The fetal eye rate as well should exist monitored continuously, and electronic fetal monitoring is highly advisable ^ten.

Epidural, spinal, paracervical, or pudendal anesthesia may alter the forces of parturition through changes in uterine contractility or maternal expulsive efforts ^ten. In one written report, paracervical cake anesthesia was associated with a decrease in the mean duration of first stage labor and facilitation of cervical dilation ¹⁰. Withal, spinal and epidural anesthesia accept likewise been reported to prolong the 2nd stage of labor by removing the parturient's reflex urge to bear downwards or by interfering with motor function ¹⁰. The apply of obstetrical anesthesia may increase the need for forceps assistance ¹⁰.

The utilise of some local anesthetic drug products during labor and commitment may be followed past diminished muscle strength and tone for the first day or two of life ¹⁰. The long-term significance of these observations is unknown ¹⁰. Fetal bradycardia may occur in 20 to 30 pct of patients receiving paracervical nerve cake anesthesia with the amide-blazon local anesthetics and may be associated with fetal acidosis ^ten. Fetal eye charge per unit should always be monitored during paracervical anesthesia ^x. The physician should weigh the possible advantages confronting risks when considering a paracervical cake in prematurity, toxemia of pregnancy, and fetal distress ¹⁰. Conscientious adherence to the recommended dosage is of the utmost importance in obstetrical paracervical block ¹⁰. Failure to accomplish acceptable analgesia with recommended doses should arouse suspicion of intravascular or fetal intracranial injection ^ten. Cases compatible with unintended fetal intracranial injection of local anesthetic solution have been reported post-obit intended paracervical or pudendal block or both. Babies so affected nowadays with unexplained neonatal depression at birth, which correlates with loftier local anesthetic serum levels, and oftentimes manifest seizures within six hours ¹⁰. Prompt use of supportive measures combined with forced urinary excretion of the local coldhearted has been used successfully to manage this complication ¹⁰.

Information technology is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk ¹⁰. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when lidocaine is administered to a nursing woman ^x.

Dosages in children should be reduced, commensurate with age, body weight and physical condition ¹⁰.

The oral LD 50 of lidocaine HCl in non-fasted female rats is 459 (346-773) mg/kg (equally the salt) and 214 (159-324) mg/kg (as the salt) in fasted female person rats ¹⁰.

Pathways

Pathway	Category
Lidocaine (Antiarrhythmic) Action Pathway	Drug action
Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Activity Pathway	Drug action
Lidocaine (Local Anaesthetic) Metabolism Pathway	Drug metabolism

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Drug Interactions

This information should non exist interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe yous are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions be.

Drug	Interaction
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1,2-Benzodiazepine	The risk or severity of agin effects can be increased when Lidocaine is combined with ane,two-Benzodiazepine.
Abametapir	The serum concentration of Lidocaine can be increased when information technology is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept	The metabolism of Lidocaine can exist increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abiraterone	The serum concentration of Lidocaine tin be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
Acalabrutinib	The metabolism of Lidocaine can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Acebutolol	The serum concentration of Lidocaine tin be increased when information technology is combined with Acebutolol.
Acenocoumarol	The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Lidocaine.
Acetaminophen	The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Lidocaine is combined with Acetaminophen.
Acetazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects tin can exist increased when Lidocaine is combined with Acetazolamide.
Acetophenazine	The risk or severity of adverse furnishings can be increased when Lidocaine is combined with Acetophenazine.

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products2

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Lidocaine hydrochloride	V13007Z41A	6108-05-0	YECIFGHRMFEPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-North
Lidocaine hydrochloride anhydrous	EC2CNF7XFP	73-78-9	IYBQHJMYDGVZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International/Other Brands

After Fire Double Forcefulness Gel / Afterwards Burn Double Strength Spray / After Fire Gel / After Burn down Spray / Alphacaine / Anestacon Jelly / DermaFlex / Dilocaine / Esracaine / Fifty-Caine / Lidoject-one / Lidoject-2 / LidoPain SP / Norwood Sunburn Spray / Xilocaina / Xylocaine

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Road	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing Finish
Accucaine	Injection, solution	x mg/1mL	Infiltration	Asclemed U.s., Inc.	2016-02-01	Not applicable
Akten	Gel	35 mg/1mL	Ophthalmic	Akorn	2008-10-08	Non applicable
Ambator Lidocaine Patch	Patch	1 g/10g	Topical	7T Pharma LLC	2017-12-15	2018-03-29
Amniocentesis Tray 1%	Liquid	i % / kit	Infiltration; Subcutaneous	Allegiance Healthcare Corporation	1992-12-31	2000-07-31
Anesthetic	Gel	5 g/100g	Topical	Cosmoceutical Inquiry Eye Inc	2012-02-18	2019-02-05
Antecubital Cent Venous Catheterization Kit	Liquid	i % / kit	Epidural	Arrow International	1991-12-31	1999-07-02
Apicaine-X	Ointment	0.05 thousand/1g	Topical	Medicap Laboratories Inc.	2015-12-12	2016-02-17
Arthrogram Tray 1%	Liquid	1 % / kit	Intra-articular	Allegiance Healthcare Corporation	1992-12-31	2000-07-31
Astero	Gel	40 mg/1g	Topical	Lake Erie Medical DBA Quality Intendance Products LLC	2016-05-01	2019-03-07
Astero	Gel	40 mg/1g	Topical	All Pharma, Llc	2016-12-01	2016-12-01

Generic Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Forcefulness	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing Terminate
1% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	ten mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-12-thirteen	Not applicable
1% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	x mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-12-xiii	Not applicative
two% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	20 mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2018-10-22	Non applicable
2% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	20 mg/1mL	Intravenous	Hf Conquering Co. Llc, Dba Health First	2018-08-25	Not applicable
two% Lidocaine Hci	Injection, solution	20 mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst	2019-12-13	Non applicative
Anestacon	Jelly	xx mg/1mL	Topical	Hullo Tech Pharmacal Co., Inc.	2001-11-05	Not applicable
Dermalid	Kit	50 mg/1g	Topical	Primary Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	2019-03-17	Not applicative
Glydo	Jelly	20 mg/1mL	Topical	Sagent Pharmaceuticals	2014-09-15	Not applicable
Laryng-O-Jet	Solution	40 mg/1mL	Topical	Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	1980-03-06	2010-09-09
Lidenzal one%	Injection, solution	10 mg/1mL	Infiltration; Perineural	It3 Medical Llc	2017-03-01	Not applicative

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Road	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
four Lidocaine Topical Anesthetic	Cream	40 mg/1g	Topical	RUGBY LABORATORIES	2020-04-30	Not applicable
4019 Starting time Aid Kit	Kit	2 g/100g	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products The states, Inc.	2018-10-thirteen	Not applicable
4043 First Aid Kit	Kit	2 chiliad/100g	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products Usa, Inc	2018-eleven-21	2019-10-18
7-Select After Sun Lidicaine HCl Hurting-Relieving with Aloe Vera	Gel	5 mg/1g	Topical	7-11	2019-02-21	Non applicable
Absorbine jr. Lidocaine	Patch	246 mg/1	Topical	Clarion Brands, Llc	2017-01-01	Not applicable
Advanced NUMB Topical Anesthetic	Cream	l mg/1g	Topical	Uber Scientific, Llc	2018-04-xx	Not applicable
Advanced Seal Barrier plus Hurting Relief	Spray	20 mg/1mL	Topical	Kericure Inc.	2020-04-10	Not applicable
Afassco Fire Gel	Gel	70 mg/three.5g	Topical	Afassco Inc.	2019-08-25	Not applicable
After Burn	Gel	25 mg/1mL	Topical	Tender Corporation	2011-04-12	2020-09-30
Afterward Burn	Gel	25 mg/1mL	Topical	Adventure Prepare Brands	2020-09-01	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Proper name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Outset	Marketing End
% 0,4 LIDODEKS %v DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.Five. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETLİ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.4 %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (v %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicative
% 0,iv LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETSİZ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.iv %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-fourteen	Not applicable
% 0,four LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 500 ML SETLİ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.4 %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicative
% 0,iv LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 500 ML SETSİZ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.four %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Non applicable
% 0,8 LIDODEKS %v DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.V. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETLİ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.8 %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
% 0,8 LIDODEKS %5 DEKSTROZ İÇİNDE I.Five. İNFÜZYON İÇİN ÇÖZELTİ, 250 ML SETSİZ	Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.8 %) + Dextrose, unspecified form (5 %)	Injection, solution	Intravenous	POLİFARMA İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.	2020-08-xiv	Not applicable
0.four% Lidocaine Hydrochloride and 5% Dextrose Injection	Lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg / mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (50 mg / mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Baxter Laboratories	1990-12-31	Not applicative
0.4% Lidocaine Hydrochloride and v% Dextrose Injection USP	Lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg / mL) + Dextrose, unspecified form (50 mg / mL)	Solution	Intravenous	Hospira Healthcare Ulc	1983-12-31	2019-04-12
10 Person ANSI	Lidocaine (0.five 1/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/i) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 chiliad/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.forty mL/100mL) + Benzocaine (6 mL/100mL) + Ethanol (lx mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Neomycin sulfate (v mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.half dozen mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Genuine First Aid	2010-04-24	Non applicable
1st Medxpatch With Lidocaine 4%	Lidocaine (iv one thousand/1) + Capsaicin (0.025 g/1) + Menthol (5 yard/i) + Methyl salicylate (20 g/one)	Patch	Topical	1ST MEDX LLC	2018-03-xv	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Proper name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
1st Medxpatch With Lidocaine 4%-rx	Lidocaine (4 1/one) + Capsaicin (0.0375 ane/1) + Menthol (v ane/1) + Methyl salicylate (20 one/1)	Patch	Topical	Direct Rx	2020-x-xiv	Not applicative
1st Medxpatch With Lidocaine 4%-rx	Lidocaine (4 yard/ane) + Capsaicin (0.0375 thou/i) + Menthol (5 g/1) + Methyl salicylate (20 g/1)	Patch	Topical	1ST MEDX LLC	2018-03-xv	Not applicable
4007 First Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (two m/100mL) + Ethanol (665 mL/1L)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc.	2018-09-12	Not applicable
4013 First Assist Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (two grand/100mL) + Ethanol (665 mL/1L)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc.	2018-09-12	Not applicable
4017 First Help Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.v thousand/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/i) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 grand/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + H2o (98.half-dozen mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-10-18	Not applicable
4017 Offset Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 g/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.iii mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.v mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.v mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-10-18	Not applicative
4019 First Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (2 g/100g)	Kit	Topical	Honeywell Safety Products Us, Inc.	2018-10-13	Not applicable
4022 First Assistance Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (twenty mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.five g/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.xiii m/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.iii mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.v mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc	2018-ten-18	Not applicable
4022 First Assistance Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (0.5 yard/100g) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/one) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100g) + Benzalkonium chloride (ane.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.v mL/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + H2o (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical	Honeywell Rubber Products USA, Inc	2018-x-18	Not applicable
4032 Offset Aid Kit	Lidocaine hydrochloride (24.64 mg/1mL) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/i) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (i.iii mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + H2o (98.vi mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical	Honeywell Safety Products Us, Inc	2018-ten-18	Not applicable

ATC Codes

S01HA07 — Lidocaine

S01HA — Local anesthetics
S01H — LOCAL ANESTHETICS
S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
Southward — SENSORY ORGANS

D04AB01 — Lidocaine

D04AB — Anesthetics for topical use
D04A — ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC.
D04 — ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC.
D — DERMATOLOGICALS

R02AD02 — Lidocaine

R02AD — Anesthetics, local
R02A — Pharynx PREPARATIONS
R02 — THROAT PREPARATIONS
R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

C01BB01 — Lidocaine

C01BB — Antiarrhythmics, class Ib
C01B — ANTIARRHYTHMICS, CLASS I AND Iii
C01 — CARDIAC THERAPY
C — CARDIOVASCULAR System

S02DA01 — Lidocaine

S02DA — Analgesics and anesthetics
S02D — OTHER OTOLOGICALS
S02 — OTOLOGICALS
S — SENSORY ORGANS

N01BB52 — Lidocaine, combinations

N01BB — Amides
N01B — ANESTHETICS, LOCAL
N01 — ANESTHETICS
N — NERVOUS SYSTEM

C05AD01 — Lidocaine

C05AD — Local anesthetics
C05A — AGENTS FOR Treatment OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE
C05 — VASOPROTECTIVES
C — CARDIOVASCULAR Organisation

N01BB02 — Lidocaine

N01BB — Amides
N01B — ANESTHETICS, LOCAL
N01 — ANESTHETICS
N — NERVOUS SYSTEM

Drug Categories

Agents for Treatment of Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures for Topical Use
Agents that reduce seizure threshold
Amides
Amines
Analgesics and Anesthetics
Anesthetics
Anesthetics for Topical Utilize
Anesthetics, Local
Anilides
Aniline Compounds
Antiarrhythmic agents
Antiarrhythmics, Form I
Antiarrhythmics, Class Ib
Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
Antipruritics, Incl. Antihistamines, Anesthetics, Etc.
Cardiac Therapy
Cardiovascular Agents
Central Nervous System Agents
Cardinal Nervous System Depressants
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (moderate)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C18 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (forcefulness unknown)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
Dermatologicals
Local Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics (Amide)
Membrane Transport Modulators
Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
Nervous Organization
Neuraxial Anesthetics
Ophthalmologicals
Otologicals
P-glycoprotein inhibitors
Peripheral Nervous Arrangement Agents
Sensory System Agents
Sodium Channel Blockers
Throat Preparations
Vasoprotectives
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Clarification: This compound belongs to the grade of organic compounds known as chiliad-xylenes. These are aromatic compounds that contain a thou-xylene moiety, which is a monocyclic benzene carrying exactly 2 methyl groups at the ane- and three-positions.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Course: Benzenoids
Grade: Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Grade: Xylenes
Direct Parent: m-Xylenes
Alternative Parents: Trialkylamines / Propargyl-type 1,iii-dipolar organic compounds / Carboximidic acids / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents: Amine / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Carboximidic acrid / Carboximidic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / M-xylene / Organic one,iii-dipolar compound / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxygen compound / Organonitrogen chemical compound
Molecular Framework: Effluvious homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors: tertiary amino compound, monocarboxylic acid amide, benzenes (CHEBI:6456)

Affected organisms

Humans and other mammals

UNII: 98PI200987
CAS number: 137-58-half-dozen
InChI Key: NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-Northward
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H22N2O/c1-v-xvi(6-2)10-13(17)15-14-11(three)8-7-9-12(14)4/h7-9H,5-six,10H2,1-4H3,(H,fifteen,17)
IUPAC Name: 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
SMILES: CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C

Synthesis Reference

US2441498A

General References

Khaliq W, Alam Southward, Puri N: Topical lidocaine for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Apr eighteen;(2):CD004846. [Article]
Thomson PD, Melmon KL, Richardson JA, Cohn M, Steinbrunn W, Cudihee R, Rowland M: Lidocaine pharmacokinetics in avant-garde eye failure, liver affliction, and renal failure in humans. Ann Intern Med. 1973 Apr;78(4):499-508. [Article]
Geha PY, Baliki MN, Chialvo DR, Harden RN, Paice JA, Apkarian AV: Encephalon activity for spontaneous pain of postherpetic neuralgia and its modulation by lidocaine patch therapy. Hurting. 2007 Mar;128(i-two):88-100. Epub 2006 October 25. [Article]
Hines R, Keaney D, Moskowitz MH, Prakken Southward: Apply of lidocaine patch v% for chronic depression back pain: a written report of 4 cases. Hurting Med. 2002 December;iii(4):361-v. [Commodity]
Authors unspecified: Lidocaine/prilocaine spray for premature ejaculation. Drug Ther Bull. 2017 Apr;55(4):45-48. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2017.4.0469. [Commodity]
Scriabine, Alexander (2017). Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health.. Chemical Heritage Press.. [ISBN:9780941901215]
Electronic Medicines Compendium: Lidocaine i% westward/v solution for injection Monograph [Link]
StatPearls Net: Lidocaine Contour [Link]
World Health Organization Model Lists of Essential Medicines [Link]
Xylocaine (lidocaine HCl Injection, USP) FDA Label [File]
University of Virginia Children's Hospital: Use of Lidocaine for Analgesia in Children and Adolescents, by Marcia L. Cadet, Pharm.D., FCCP, FPPAG [File]
Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions affecting lidocaine by Mika Isohanni [File]

External Links

Human Metabolome Database: HMDB0014426
KEGG Drug: D00358
KEGG Compound: C07073
PubChem Compound: 3676
PubChem Substance: 46505060
ChemSpider: 3548
BindingDB: 50017662
RxNav: 6387
ChEBI: 6456
ChEMBL: CHEMBL79
ZINC: ZINC000000020237
Therapeutic Targets Database: DAP000121
PharmGKB: PA450226
Guide to Pharmacology: GtP Drug Page
PDBe Ligand: LQZ
RxList: RxList Drug Folio
Drugs.com: Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia: Lidocaine

PDB Entries

3jqz / 3ttr

FDA label

MSDS

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Atmospheric condition	Count
iv	Agile Not Recruiting	Treatment	Pain, Radiating	1
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Tinnitus	one
four	Agile Not Recruiting	Treatment	Varicosities of the bully saphenous vein	i
4	Completed	Not Available	Amazement therapy	i
four	Completed	Not Available	Amazement / Caudal epidural block therapy / Orthopaedic Disorders	1
4	Completed	Non Available	Neuromuscular Occludent	1
4	Completed	Not Bachelor	Pain of Anesthesia at Breast Biopsy	1
iv	Completed	Not Bachelor	Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomas)	1
iv	Completed	Basic Science	Back Pain Lower Back	one
four	Completed	Bones Science	Healthy Subjects (HS)	i

Manufacturers

Astrazeneca lp
Noven pharmaceuticals inc
Carlisle laboratories inc
E fougera div altana inc
Graham chemical co
Taro pharmaceuticals usa inc
Teikoku pharma usa inc
Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
Abbott laboratories hosp products div
Abraxis pharmaceutical products
Akorn inc
Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
Bel mar laboratories inc
Dell laboratories inc
Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
Gd searle llc
Hospira inc
International medication systems ltd
International medication system
Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
Miles laboratories inc
Watson laboratories inc
Wyeth ayerst laboratories
Baxter healthcare corp
B braun medical inc
App pharmaceuticals llc
Meridian medical technologies inc
Dentsply pharmaceutical
Polymedica industries inc
Teva pharmaceuticals the states
Hi tech pharmacal co inc
Wockhardt european union operations (swiss) ag
Actavis mid atlantic llc
Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
Roxane laboratories inc
Kendall co
Paco research corp
Anesiva inc

Packagers

4uOrtho LLC
A. Aarons Inc.
Actavis Group
Aerospace Accessory Service Inc.
Akorn Inc.
Amend
American Dental Cooperative Inc.
American Regent
Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
APP Pharmaceuticals
Aristos Pharmaceuticals
A-South Medication Solutions LLC
AstraZeneca Inc.
Ato Zizine Sarl
Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
Avent Inc.
B. Braun Melsungen AG
Baxter International Inc.
Benco Dental Co.
Blairex Labs
Bradley Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
Brookstone Pharmaceuticals
C.O. Truxton Inc.
Cardent International Inc.
Cardinal Health
Carestream Health Inc.
Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
Catalent Pharma Solutions
Codman and Shurtleff Inc.
Covidien LP
Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
Deltex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
DENTSPLY International
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Doak Dermatologics
DSC Laboratories
East. Fougera and Co.
Eastman Kodak Co. Dental Products
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Enterprises Importfab Inc.
F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
Fresca Gourmet Inc.
General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
Groupe Parima Inc.
H Meer Dental Supply Co.
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Henry Schein Inc.
Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
Hospira Inc.
Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Kent Dental
Klosterfrau Berlin GmbH
Kylemore Pharmaceuticals
Laboratorios Zeyco SA De CV
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Major Pharmaceuticals
Marlop Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Martica Enterprises Inc.
Mckesson Corp.
Medical Components Inc.
Medical Techniques LLC
Merit Pharmaceuticals
National Pharmaceuticals
NeLLCor Puritan Bennett United mexican states SA De CV
Nord Ost Corp.
Noven Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Novocol Pharmaceutical Canada
Nycomed Inc.
Odan Laboratories Ltd.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Patterson Dental Supply Inc.
Pharmaderm
Pharmedium
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Primedics Laboratories
Puretek Corp.
Qualitest
Raz Co. Inc.
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Rising Pharmaceuticals
River'south Border Pharmaceuticals
Roxane Labs
S&P Healthcare
Safco Dental Supply Co.
Sandoz
Septodont Inc.
Sheffield Laboratories Div Faria Limited LLC
Smiths Medical ASD Inc.
Sonar Products Inc.
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Stat Rx Usa
Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
Tech Group Tempe
Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Tri State Infirmary Supply Corp.
Veratex Corp.
Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Vyteris Inc.
Wallach Surgical Devices Inc.
Welch Allyn Inc.
Wockhardt Ltd.

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Forcefulness
Solution	Intravenous
Kit	Topical	ii m/100g
Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Topical
Kit	Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Liquid	Subarachnoid
Patch	Topical	246 mg/1
Gel	Topical	70 mg/iii.5g
Gel	Topical	25 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical
Spray	Topical	ane % w/west
Gel	Topical	one % w/w
Liquid; spray	Topical	0.5 %
Gel	Topical	0.5 %
Gel	Topical	2.v g/100g
Gel	Ophthalmic	35 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	v mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	iv %
Ointment	Topical	4 thousand/100mL
Swab	Topical	four g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.5 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	ii.5 g/1g
Patch	Topical	1 g/10g
Liquid	Infiltration; Subcutaneous	1 % / kit
Cream	Topical	iv mg/100g
Injection	Infiltration; Perineural
Gel	Topical	ii g/1mL
Solution / drops	Oral
Cream	Topical	4 % w/westward
Injection	Percutaneous
Aerosol, cream	Topical	4 g/100g
Cream	Topical	5 g/100mL
Liquid	Epidural	1 % / kit
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Ointment	Topical	0.05 m/1g
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous
Kit; liquid	Intravenous
Liquid	Intravenous
Liquid	Intra-articular	1 % / kit
Cream	Topical	40 MG/Thousand
Patch	Topical	411.iv mg/1
Lotion	Topical	4 g/100g
Patch	Topical	422 mg/1
Kit	Topical	4 one thousand/100g
Implant	Intradermal	.iii %
Gel	Topical	4.ane mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	4.81 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	five.05 mg/1mL
Kit	Oral; Topical
Patch	Topical; Transdermal
Gel	Topical	2 % w/w
Solution	Intramuscular	ten mg
Gel	Topical	0.7 %
Liquid	Topical	2 %
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	960 mg/1
Lozenge	Oral	v mg
Kit	Infiltration
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Perineural; Topical
Cream	Topical	2 %
Cream	Topical	ii g/100g
Cream	Topical	2.8 g/56g
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Topical
Patch	Topical	22 mg/i
Cream	Topical	40 mg/1
Spray	Topical	10 mg/1mg
Oil	Topical
Liquid	Topical	3.four g/68mL
Spray	Topical	20 mg/1L
Cream	Topical	ii.25 %
Gel	Topical	2 g/100g
Jelly	Topical	20 mg / chiliad
Gel	Topical	two.5 g/100mL
Aerosol, spray	Topical	0.64 g/127g
Lotion	Topical	3 g/100g
Cream	Topical	three.nine g/100g
Cream	Topical	three.9 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.4123 m/482.46g
Gel	Topical	0.72 %
Spray	Topical	.05 1000/100g
Spray	Topical	0.5 g/100g
Gel	Topical	.v thousand/100mL
Spray	Topical	200 g/1L
Spray	Topical	two.iv %
Gel	Topical	0.025 g/1g
Cream	Topical	ten mg/1g
Kit	Electro-osmosis
Cream	Topical	0.04 mg/1mg
Solution	Parenteral	0.036 g
Gel	Topical	1.0 %
Gel	Topical	twenty mg / g
Gel
Gel	Transmucosal
Gel
Patch	Topical	23 mg/i
Injection, pulverization, for solution	Intramuscular
Liquid	Subcutaneous
Liquid; ointment	Intravenous; Topical
Kit; liquid; ointment	Infiltration; Parenteral; Subcutaneous; Topical
Kit	Intravenous
Spray	Nasal
Spray	Nasal	50 mg/ml
Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)
Liquid	Epidural; Infiltration; Subcutaneous
Patch	Topical	560 mg/1
Patch	Topical	40 mg/1g
Foam	Topical	four yard/100mL
Cream	Topical	40 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	50 mg/1g
Liquid	Topical
Gel	Topical	five mg/1g
Rinse	Topical
Patch	Transdermal	567 mg/1
Kit	Transdermal
Patch	Transdermal	858 mg/one
Patch	Transdermal	40 mg/1
Gel	Topical	0.2 1000
Gel	Buccal
Gel	Oral
Patch	Buccal	46.1 mg/one
Suspension	Intra-articular; Intrabursal
Solution	Topical	x mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	50 mg/1g
Kit	Topical	50 mg/1g
Cream	Topical	38.viii mg/1g
Emulsion	Topical	6.72 1000/168g
Kit	Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Topical
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intramuscular
Gel	Buccal; Oral	2 g
Solution	Parenteral	100 mg
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Subcutaneous; Topical
Cream	Topical	5 thousand
Solution
Cream	Topical	0.5 g/10g
Foam	Topical	1.two yard/30g
Cream	Topical	one.5 chiliad/30g
Cream	Topical	v % west/west
Foam	Topical	v grand/100g
Liquid	Topical	40 mg/1g
Spray	Topical	9.6 %
Injection	Retrobulbar
Spray	Topical	ten mg/0.08mL
Gel	Oral
Gel	Oral	20 mg/g
Kit	Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Intravenous; Soft tissue; Subcutaneous; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Solution / drops	Topical	4 g/100mL
Liquid	Auricular (otic)	4 g/100mL
Kit	Topical	two g/100mL
Cream	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Injection, solution
Injection, solution	Intragingival
Spray	Oral
Injection	Dental	xx mg/ml
Spray	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Balm	Topical	4 grand/1mL
Spray	Topical	4.48 yard/112g
Soap	Topical	two g/50g
Foam	Cutaneous
Foam	Occlusive dressing technique
Plaster	Topical
Cream	Topical	25 mg/grand
Patch	Transdermal
Gel	Topical	0.viii %
Liquid	Topical	4 mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	8 mg/1g
Tablet	Vaginal
Kit; ointment; solution	Infiltration; Intravenous; Topical
Gel	Topical	40 mg/1000mg
Spray	Topical	40 mg/1000mg
Cream	Topical	l mg/1000mg
Gel	Topical	fifty mg/1000mg
Spray	Topical	fifty mg/1000mg
Injection
Cream	Topical	4 mg/1mL
Liquid; spray	Topical
Spray	Topical	twoscore mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	xx m/1000mL
Ointment	Topical
Kit	Oral
Solution	Auricular (otic); Topical
Spray	Cutaneous
Gel	Topical	10 mg/1g
Spray	Topical	x mg/1g
Kit	Cutaneous; Oral
Gel	Topical	two %
Patch	Topical	490 mg/ane
Lotion	Topical	3.5 g/100g
Kit	Intra-amniotic
Aerosol	Topical	xl mg/1g
Gel	Topical	500 m/100000mg
Spray	Cutaneous	.50 g/100g
Kit	Ophthalmic; Oral; Topical
Suppository	Vaginal
Cream	Topical	4 g/1mL
Gel	Topical	3402 mg/85.05g
Balm	Topical	9068 mg/226.7g
Gel	Topical	2832 mg/70.8g
Spray	Topical	4 chiliad/100g
Foam	Topical	v.0 % w/w
Cream	Topical	100 g/100g
Gel	Topical	0.8 yard/100g
Gel	Topical	0.8 % w/west
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	four k/100g
Cream	Topical	45 mg/1mL
Foam	Topical	ane.4 m/28g
Soap	Topical
Soap	Topical	50 mg/1g
Injection, solution	Intra-articular
Liquid; ointment	Epidural; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Topical
Gel	Topical	0.five % w/w
Spray	Topical	.50 thou/100g
Lotion	Topical	.5 k/100mL
Gel	Urethral
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Kit	Intravenous; Topical
Solution	Topical	ii % w/5
Solution	Parenteral	2 g
Injection, suspension, extended release
Gel; injection
Kit	Intra-articular; Intralesional
Kit	Intra-articular; Intramuscular
Lotion	Topical	xv mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	4 chiliad/50g
Spray, metered	Topical	96 mg/1mL
Injection	Subcutaneous	1 %
Injection	Epidural; Intramuscular; Intraspinal; Intravenous; Parenteral
Injection	Subcutaneous	2 %
Kit	Ophthalmic
Liquid	Endotracheal	twoscore mg / mL
Gel	Topical	iv mg/100mg
Gel	Topical	4 g/4g
Balm	Topical	30 mg/1mL
Lotion	Topical	thirty mg/177mL
Injection, solution	Parenteral
Spray	Topical
Injection	Parenteral	l mg
Injection	Parenteral	10 mg
Solution	Parenteral
Solution	Epidural; Intravenous	400 mg
Solution	Infiltration	twenty mg
Solution	Infiltration	36 mg
Solution	Topical	x chiliad
Solution	Parenteral	500 mg
Solution	Intravenous	two g
Solution	Intradermal; Intravenous; Perineural; Subcutaneous	xx mg
Cream
Injection, solution	Parenteral	10 MG/ML
Injection, solution	Parenteral	xx MG/ML
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic
Cream	Buccal; Topical	5 g
Ointment	Rectal	fifty MG/G
Gel	Topical	two % due west/five
Gel	Topical	4 g/100mL
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous
Ointment	Topical	ten 1/1
Ointment	Topical	two.5 g/50g
Ointment	Topical	35.44 k/1g
Ointment	Topical	iv grand/one
Ointment	Topical	5 g/100g
Ointment	Topical	50 mg/1g
Patch	Cutaneous	140 mg/i
Patch	Cutaneous	50 mg/i
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	iv mg/1
Patch	Topical	4 g/1g
Patch	Topical	four g/4g
Patch	Topical	50 mg/1g
Suppository	Rectal	l mg/ane
Ointment	Topical	15 k/100g
Cream	Topical	0.03 thousand/1g
Ointment	Topical	30 k/100g
Cream	Topical	iv.27 g/100g
Cream	Rectal; Topical	five chiliad/100g
Patch	Topical	700 mg/i
Cream	Rectal; Topical	5.25 g/100g
Foam	Topical
Foam	Topical	0.4 g/1g
Foam	Topical	iii mg/1g
Cream	Topical	xxx mg/1g
Foam	Rectal; Topical
Ointment	Topical	4 g/100g
Injection	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural
Balm	Topical
Liquid	Epidural; Infiltration	x mg / mL
Liquid	Infiltration	x mg / mL
Liquid	Intravenous	20 mg / mL
Solution	Infiltration	10 mg / mL
Gel	Topical	30 mg/1g
Injection	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	ten mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration; Intravenous	10 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration; Intravenous	xx mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration; Intravenous	five mg/1mL
Injection	Parenteral	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Dental; Infiltration	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration	twenty mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	ten mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	xx mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Perineural	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	ten mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	15 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	xx mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration	v mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Intravenous	5 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	100 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	200 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Retrobulbar; Topical	xl mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Retrobulbar; Topical; Transtracheal	xl mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Liquid	Topical	200 mL/1L
Lotion	Topical	3 g/100mL
Lotion	Topical	v.31 mL/177mL
Powder	Not applicative	ane grand/1g
Solution	Intravenous	10 mg/1mL
Solution	Oral	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Oral	xl mg/1mL
Solution	Oral; Topical	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Oropharyngeal	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Solution	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Spray	Laryngeal; Transtracheal	20 mg/1mL
Spray	Laryngeal; Transtracheal	40 mg/1mL
Foam	Rectal
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration
Injection, solution	Infiltration	ii %
Solution	Parenteral	two %
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intravenous	4 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intraspinal
Injection, solution	Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intravenous	iv mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	400 mg/100mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	eight mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Intravenous	800 mg/100mL
Injection, solution	Dental; Infiltration
Injection, solution	Epidural
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration
Injection, solution	Infiltration
Gel	Rectal
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	10 mg / mL
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	xx mg / mL
Solution	Infiltration	xx mg / mL
Solution	Intravenous	20 mg / mL
Solution	Infiltration	5 mg / mL
Liquid	Infiltration	2 %
Solution	Topical	4 % w/5
Gel	Oral	2 m/100mL
Solution	Infiltration	1 % w/v
Solution	Infiltration	2 % due west/v
Ointment	Topical	5 % w/w
Ointment	Topical	5 1000 / 100 chiliad
Patch	Topical	twoscore mg/1000mg
Liquid	Topical	38 mg/1mL
Patch	Topical	344 mg/one
Patch	Transdermal	700 mg/1
Foam	Topical	39.two mg/1mL
Patch	Topical	iv chiliad/ane
Patch	Topical	11 mg/ane
Gel	Topical	0.9 g/30g
Spray	Topical	iv.vi g/115g
Injection, solution	Intravenous	two %
Cream	Topical	10 g/100g
Solution	Topical	4 %
Spray, metered	Topical	10 mg / human activity
Jelly	Topical	xx mg / mL
Jelly	Topical	2 %
Ointment	Topical	5 %
Solution	Buccal	2 %
Injection, break	Parenteral
Patch	Cutaneous	l mg/1g
Patch	Cutaneous	700 mg/1
Patch	Cutaneous	700 mg/12h
Liquid	Cutaneous	700 mg/1000mg
Gel	Topical	3 mg/100mL
Injection, solution
Patch	Topical	22.7 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	25.3 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	25.8 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	28.i mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	29 mg/0.24mg
Patch	Topical	21.five mg/0.24mg
Gel	Topical	28 mg/1g
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	10 mg/1mL
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal	20 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	iv g
Solution	Oral	10 k
Injection, solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous
Injection	Intramuscular	300 mg/3mL
Foam	Topical	32.5 mg/1g
Kit	Topical	v g/100g
Patch	Iontophoresis
Patch	Topical
Cream	Topical	37.v mg/1g
Cream	Topical	39.v mg/1g
Kit	Not applicative
Gel	Topical	40 mg/1g
Injection
Solution	Intramuscular	twenty mg
Solution	Intramuscular	10 mg
Spray	Topical	10 mg/0.1mL
Gel	Topical	xx mg/1000
Injection	Intravenous
Injection	Intravenous	ten mg/ml
Injection	Intravenous	twenty mg/ml
Plaster	Topical	0.700 g/plaster
Spray	Oral	10 %West/V
Liquid	Infiltration
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	300 mg
Capsule, coated	Oral	500 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous	600 mg
Injection	Intramuscular
Gel	Topical	2.36 g/118mL
Spray, metered	Topical	10 mg/100mL
Injection	Intravascular; Intravenous
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
Gel	Topical
Gel	Topical	v g/100g
Liquid	Subcutaneous	1 % / kit
Injection	Parenteral	2 % W/V
Injection, solution	Subcutaneous	200 mg/10ml
Spray, metered	Topical	9.6 mg/100mL
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Topical
Spray	Topical	ii grand/100mL
Cream	Topical	4 %
Cream	Topical	v %
Patch	Topical	xl mg/1
Lozenge	Oral
Tablet	Buccal; Oral
Spray	Topical	40 mg/1g
Kit	Oral	20 mg/1mL
Kit	Oral; Topical	xx mg/1mL
Solution	Oral; Topical	5 g/100g
Spray	Topical	20 thousand/1L
Gel	Oral; Topical
Gel	Submucosal	0.05 % westward/westward
Cream; kit	Topical
Solution	Buccal; Oral	5.5 mg
Gel	Topical	0.04 1000/1g
Lotion	Topical	forty mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	ten mg/1mL
Solution / drops	Ophthalmic; Topical
Suspension / drops	Auricular (otic)
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular
Liquid	Buccal
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular; Soft tissue; Topical
Injection, powder, for solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Injection, solution	Intraocular
Liquid	Infiltration; Intraspinal; Subcutaneous	i % / kit
Liquid	Topical	40 mg/1000mg
Cream	Topical	0.04 m/28g
Liquid	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Solution	Buccal; Oral	0.55 g
Solution	Buccal; Oral	5.55 mg
Solution	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Solution	Dental
Solution	Infiltration
Injection, solution	Intramuscular
Gel	Topical	2 yard/100mL
Spray	Topical	24.64 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	v mg/1g
Gel	Topical	1.12 g/28g
Cream	Topical	iv g/100g
Gel	Topical	fifty mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	5 mg/30g
Cream	Topical	v mg/100mL
Spray	Topical	0.04 mg/1mg
Stick	Topical
Gel	Topical	.five g/100g
Injection	Dental	0.01 mg/mL
Liquid	Dental; Subcutaneous
Injection	Intramuscular	75 mg/2ml
Oil	Topical	8 mg/1mL
Paste	Submucosal	3 % w/w
Balm	Oral
Lotion	Topical	0.v % west/v
Gel	Dental
Gel	Periodontal
Cream	Topical
Solution	Auricular (otic)
Solution / drops	Auricular (otic)
Suspension	Auricular (otic)
Liquid; ointment	Subcutaneous; Topical
Spray	Oral
Lozenge	Oral	v mg/1mg
Cream	Topical	0.04 k/40g
Lotion	Topical	40 mg/4mL
Foam	Topical	50 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	three.86 g/100g
Liquid	Topical	4 1000/100mL
Patch	Topical	4 grand/100g
Patch	Topical	0.04 one thousand/1g
Patch	Topical	0.iii g/1
Gel	Topical	7.128 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	7.xiii mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	2.5 g/50g
Liquid	Infiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical
Gel	Topical	2 mg/1g
Liquid	Intravenous	one %
Kit; ointment; solution	Infiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical
Injection	Epidural; Infiltration
Injection	Infiltration; Perineural	2 % west/v
Cream	Topical	41.2 mg/1g
Injection, solution	Intraocular; Ophthalmic
Kit	Infiltration; Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Topical
Solution	Parenteral	1 1000
Liquid	Epidural; Intravenous
Cream	Cutaneous	7.00 % w/w
Liquid	Dental	2 %
Kit	Infiltration; Soft tissue; Topical
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal
Spray	Topical	2.6 %
Spray	Topical	4 %
Solution	Topical	40 mg / mL
Gel	Buccal; Dental; Topical
Cream	Topical	400 mg/1mg
Patch	Topical	.005 mg/1g
Ointment	Topical	.005 mg/1g
Spray, metered	Topical	9.6 g/100mL
Kit	Cutaneous; Topical
Ointment	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	ten g/100g
Gel	Topical	0.five grand/100g
Patch	Topical	240 mg/1
Liquid	Topical	0.v k/100g
Packing	Dental
Cream	Topical	two.five %west/w
Lotion	Topical	10 mg/1g
Balm	Topical	2 thousand/100mL
Plaster	Transdermal
Patch	Topical	18 mg/116cm2
Kit	Intra-articular; Intralesional; Intramuscular
Kit	Intramuscular; Intravenous
Kit	Epidural; Infiltration
Cream	Topical	0.04 g/1g
Cream	Topical	0.05 thousand/1g
Material	Topical
Gel	Topical	xx mg/1g
Gel	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Kit
Liquid	Topical	forty mg/1mL
Spray	Topical	four % due west/west
Gel	Topical	four thou/100g
Gel	Topical	4 % due west/w
Cream	Topical	two.24 g/56g
Solution	Intramuscular
Solution	Parenteral	ten mg
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	400 mg
Solution	Epidural	200 mg
Ointment	Topical	5 g
Solution	Parenteral	0.2 g
Spray	Topical	ii %
Solution	Topical	2 %
Cream	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal
Liquid	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal
Spray	Topical	i.1 m/12g
Patch	Topical	four k/100mL
Balm	Topical	four 1000/100mL
Gel	Topical	30 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	11.ix chiliad/234.6g
Solution		ii %Due west/V
Gel	Topical	2.0 %
Gel	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Patch	Cutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	560 mg/14g
Liquid	Topical	125 mg/1mL
Kit	Topical
Gel	Topical	1 %
Spray	Topical	v mg/1g
Aerosol	Topical	0.5 %
Lotion	Topical	0.v %
Spray	Topical	4 g/100mL
Gel	Topical	0.057 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	7.1258 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical	0.50 % w/westward
Foam	Topical	i %
Cream	Topical	0.5 g/100g
Ointment	Rectal
Kit	Infiltration; Topical
Liquid	Parenteral; Topical
Liquid	Infiltration; Subcutaneous
Kit	Infiltration	1 %
Spray	Topical	10 m/100mL
Spray, metered	Topical	9.6 %
Spray	Topical	96 mg/1mL
Gel	Topical
Tablet, coated
Swab	Topical
Lozenge	Oral	1.2 mg
Spray, metered	Topical	9.half dozen % w/w
Aerosol	Topical	0.5 % w/w
Gel	Topical	5.05 g/1g
Gel	Topical	1 m/100g
Swab	Topical	ane %
Spray	Topical	10 mg/1mL
Patch	Cutaneous
Patch	Topical
Powder	Intravenous	30 mg
Ointment	Topical	one.0 m/100g
Ointment	Topical	0.v thou/100g
Liquid	Intrathoracic; Subcutaneous	1 % / kit
Spray	Topical	ten mg/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.36 g/59g
Spray	Topical	ii.36 yard/59g
Gel	Topical	5 % w/w
Gel	Topical	15 mg/1mL
Lozenge	Buccal	8 mg
Lozenge	Oral
Patch
Liquid	Topical	50 mg/1mL
Foam
Suppository	Rectal
Spray	Topical	2.v g/100mL
Gel	Topical	2.v %
Patch	Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal	560 mg/1
Emulsion	Urethral
Kit	Topical	40 mg/1mL
Cream	Topical	2 % w/westward
Injection	Infiltration; Perineural	2 %
Patch	Topical	5 %
Plaster	Transdermal
Patch	Topical; Transdermal	0.seven g
Kit	Subcutaneous; Topical
Solution	Topical
Spray	Topical	0.5 mg/100mg
Liquid	Topical	iv k/100g
Spray	Topical
Cream	Topical	1 %
Solution	Topical	2 % westward/w
Solution	Topical	0.five % w/w
Spray	Topical	0.5 % w/westward
Solution
Injection, solution	Submucosal	0.0125 mg/ml
Cream	Topical	2 grand/1mL
Kit	Cutaneous	50 mg/1g
Injection	Parenteral
Injection, solution	Interstitial
Injection	Parenteral
Injection, solution	Interstitial	2 %
Injection	Submucosal	0.0125 mg/ml
Spray
Injection, solution	Epidural; Intravenous; Subcutaneous	2 %
Ointment	Topical
Injection, solution		2 %
Injection, solution		twenty MG/ML
Spray	Oral	10 %
Solution	Parenteral	20 mg
Solution	Topical	100 mg
Injection	Dental	twenty mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration
Injection	Infiltration	10 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	15 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	20 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	5 mg/1mL
Injection	Infiltration	fifty mg/1mL
Injection	Intravenous	twenty mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural	10 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural	20 mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Infiltration; Perineural	5 mg/1mL
Jelly	Topical	20 mg/1mL
Liquid	Intraspinal
Liquid	Infiltration	5 mg / mL
Solution	Epidural	15 mg / mL
Liquid	Infiltration	twenty mg / mL
Solution	Epidural	20 mg / mL
Injection	Epidural; Perineural
Injection	Parenteral	2 %
Solution	Epidural
Injection	Dental	0.0125 mg/ml
Liquid	Subarachnoid	50 mg / mL
Solution	Epidural; Infiltration	17.iii mg / mL
Injection	Intradermal	50 mg/5ml
Gel	Topical	20 mg / mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	xv mg/1mL
Injection, solution	Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural	20 mg/1mL
Liquid	Intraspinal; Percutaneous	1 %
Liquid	Percutaneous	i %
Solution	Retrobulbar; Topical	forty mg/1mL
Liquid	Epidural
Liquid	Infiltration	1 %
Ointment	Topical	50 mg/g
Aerosol	Oral; Topical
Spray	Topical	10 mg
Spray, metered	Oral	10 mg / human action
Spray	Topical	40 mg / mL
Liquid	Topical	l mg / mL
Solution	Oral; Topical	twenty mg / mL
Injection	Dental
Liquid	Epidural; Intracaudal	xx mg / mL
Solution	Intravenous	100 mg / five mL
Liquid	Intravenous	200 mg / mL
Injection, solution	Intra-articular; Intramuscular; Periarticular; Perineural; Subcutaneous; Submucosal	10 mg/ml
Injection	Parenteral	10 mg/ml
Spray, metered	Buccal
Aerosol	Topical
Aerosol, metered	Buccal
Spray	Topical	0.15 g/100g
Ointment
Injection, solution	Intravenous	300 mg/30ml
Injection, solution	Intravenous	fifty mg/5ml
Aerosol, spray	Topical
Spray, metered	Topical
Cream	Topical	40 mg/1000mg
Foam	Topical	twenty mg/1000mg
Liquid	Topical	2.5 %
Solution	Topical	four.0 %
Powder	Intradermal	0.five mg/ane
Gel	Topical	fifty mg/1g
Patch	Topical	36 mg/i
Liquid	Dental
Solution		40 mg/1ml
Plaster	Transdermal	5 %w/w
Solution		20 mg/1ml
Solution		10 mg/1ml
Liquid	Auricular (otic)
Suppository	Topical
Powder
Cream	Topical	x %due west/due west
Gel		2 %w/w
Injection, solution		20 mg/1ml
Injection, solution		10 mg/1ml

Prices

Unit of measurement description	Toll	Unit
Rocephin 10 gm vial	478.32USD	each
Lidocaine HCl 3% Lotion 177ml Bottle	230.3USD	canteen
Rocephin 2 gm vial	97.5USD	each
Rocephin ane gm vial	62.02USD	each
EMLA 2.5-two.v% Cream thirty gm Tube	58.4USD	tube
Lidocaine-Prilocaine ii.five-2.v% Cream xxx gm Tube	47.79USD	tube
Lidocaine HCl 2% Gel 10ml Syringe	17.99USD	syringe
Lidocaine HCl 2% Gel 30ml Tube	17.99USD	tube
Lidocaine HCl iv% Solution 50ml Bottle	16.99USD	bottle
Lidocaine Viscous ii% Solution 100ml Bottle	13.99USD	bottle
Lidocaine hcl 1% syringe	9.76USD	ml
Lidocaine HCl 4% Solution 4ml Bottle	9.42USD	bottle
Lidoderm ane Box = 30 Patches	eight.03USD	patch
Akten 3.5% drops	7.5USD	ml
Lidocaine 5% in d7.5w ampul	iii.06USD	ml
Lidocaine 3% cream	two.91USD	chiliad
Lidamantle iii% foam	ii.03USD	g
Zilactin-l common cold sore liquid	0.99USD	ml
Xylocaine 2% jelly	0.68USD	ml
Lidocaine hcl 10% vial	0.55USD	ml
Xylocaine 5% ointment	0.42USD	g
Xylocaine Jelly two % Jelly	0.41USD	one thousand
Xylocaine 2% Solution	0.34USD	ml
Xylocaine 5 % Ointment	0.29USD	yard
Lidocaine HCl 1% Solution	0.24USD	ml
Lidocaine hcl powder	0.24USD	g
Lidocaine base of operations powder	0.22USD	k
Lidocaine hcl iv% solution	0.18USD	ml
Xylocaine 0.5% vial	0.18USD	ml
Lidodan five % Ointment	0.16USD	g
Xylocaine Mucilaginous 2 % Liquid	0.1USD	ml
Lidocaine hcl 0.5% vial	0.08USD	ml
Solarcaine aerosol	0.06USD	m
Lidodan Viscous two % Liquid	0.06USD	ml
Lidocaine ii% gluey solution	0.03USD	ml

DrugBank does non sell nor buy drugs. Pricing data is supplied for informational purposes only.

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)
US5234957	No	1993-08-10	2011-02-27
US5827529	No	1998-10-27	2015-ten-27
US8540665	No	2013-09-24	2029-x-22
US6881200	No	2005-04-xix	2016-06-xi
US6004286	No	1999-12-21	2017-03-17
US5899880	No	1999-05-04	2016-05-04
US6031007	No	2000-02-29	2017-04-01
US6629968	No	2003-10-07	2020-06-30
US6635045	No	2003-10-21	2021-06-29
US6546281	No	2003-04-08	2015-07-28
US5658583	No	1997-08-19	2015-07-28
US6465006	No	2002-ten-15	2015-07-28
US6465709	No	2002-10-15	2020-07-07
US6780426	No	2004-08-24	2015-07-28
US6306431	No	2001-x-23	2015-07-28
US5919479	No	1999-07-06	2015-07-28
US6528086	No	2003-03-04	2019-09-28
US8759401	No	2014-06-24	2026-07-24
US9370622	No	2016-06-21	2035-09-28
US9358338	No	2016-06-07	2035-04-27
US9283174	No	2016-03-fifteen	2031-05-x
US9925264	No	2018-03-27	2031-05-10
US9931403	No	2018-04-03	2031-05-x
US10350180	No	2019-07-16	2031-01-fourteen
US10603293	No	2020-03-31	2031-01-14
US10765640	No	2020-09-08	2031-05-ten
US10765749	No	2020-09-08	2031-05-10
US10751305	No	2020-08-25	2031-01-xiv

State

Solid

Experimental Backdrop

Belongings	Value	Source
melting indicate (°C)	68.5 °C	PhysProp
boiling point (°C)	159-160 °C at two.00E+00 mm Hg	PhysProp
water solubility	4100 mg/L (at 30 °C)	YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP	2.44	AVDEEF,A (1997)
logS	-one.76	ADME Research, USCD
Caco2 permeability	-4.21	ADME Research, USCD
pKa	8.01	SANGSTER (1994)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
H2o Solubility	0.593 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	ane.81	ALOGPS
logP	2.84	ChemAxon
logS	-2.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	13.78	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Bones)	7.75	ChemAxon
Physiological Accuse	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	32.34 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	73.93 thou³·mol^-1	ChemAxon
Polarizability	27.77 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Dominion of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber'south Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Mass Spec (NIST)

Download (7.18 KB)

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Fundamental
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-38a47958df650b972703
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Bachelor
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Non Bachelor
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Bachelor
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-7a90fe8d9b35b745cfce
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-001i-0920000000-f9f648594c0f1642cc4c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-0089-0900000000-5716ccc63e48696473bc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9d18ae1cd0a81ee63d35
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-83bc5908a67b3ba4b826
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-8090000000-e305bfb01d615662d8a1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-eab27554002663b2d3fd
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-1b684e31ff74300b808f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-b39af34b526d79a4b07b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9466a1403df493f5b6e9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-c773b8e10c70518882c1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-8090000000-00b6d0139ebe20cdb189
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-0b33ce49934844438e43
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-502494c9626d1dca25d1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-b39af34b526d79a4b07b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-86c007695ec40849f993
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-7f630b7fa4e36c59e0d2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9060000000-b5aef137d8e488097fc4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-b21ee69ce889ba36b5e5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9d7555c18e41a90508a5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-0090000000-3dd6e01da50ad1a66b2f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9230000000-577ea8a290877187b518
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-3f33ed4d35a979dbd732
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-343e9e6a26be64016b15
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-c1923c77757d099538dd
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-It , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-9ff21e9bcf3f87f70774
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-eaebad6c7c4ce7832c9c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-2e21612ecf5a40923bb5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9050000000-930a3c8f94fdb363cc0f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-bc7800eef651a1a0ee2c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-a658a8aeac537602e1a7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-5a056c9766b47a19f0a2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9000000000-d649b0b05937216241a6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-6090000000-31a60a2cff302fde1ad8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	LC-MS/MS	splash10-000i-9020000000-da68f84a1fd4a905c98c
1H NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Non Applicative
13C NMR Spectrum	1D NMR	Not Applicable

Targets

Drugtargets2

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Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological activity: Yeah
Deportment: Inhibitor

General Office: Voltage-gated sodium channel activeness
Specific Function: Tetrodotoxin-resistant channel that mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or airtight conformations in response to the voltage departure acro...
Gene Name: SCN10A
Uniprot ID: Q9Y5Y9
Uniprot Name: Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha
Molecular Weight: 220623.605 Da

References

Ekberg J, Jayamanne A, Vaughan CW, Aslan S, Thomas L, Mould J, Drinkwater R, Bakery MD, Abrahamsen B, Wood JN, Adams DJ, Christie MJ, Lewis RJ: muO-conotoxin MrVIB selectively blocks Nav1.8 sensory neuron specific sodium channels and chronic pain behavior without motor deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov vii;103(45):17030-5. Epub 2006 October 31. [Article]
Muroi Y, Chanda B: Local anesthetics disrupt energetic coupling between the voltage-sensing segments of a sodium channel. J Gen Physiol. 2009 Jan;133(1):1-15. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200810103. Epub 2008 December 15. [Article]
Karoly R, Lenkey Due north, Juhasz AO, Vizi ES, Mike A: Fast- or deadening-inactivated state preference of Na+ channel inhibitors: a simulation and experimental study. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 17;vi(6):e1000818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000818. [Article]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Yes
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
Specific Office: Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Bold opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the poly peptide forms a...
Gene Proper name: SCN9A
Uniprot ID: Q15858
Uniprot Name: Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit blastoff
Molecular Weight: 226370.175 Da

References

Sheets PL, Jackson JO 2nd, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD, Cummins TR: A Nav1.7 channel mutation associated with hereditary erythromelalgia contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and displays reduced lidocaine sensitivity. J Physiol. 2007 Jun 15;581(Pt 3):1019-31. Epub 2007 Apr 12. [Article]
Muroi Y, Chanda B: Local anesthetics disrupt energetic coupling between the voltage-sensing segments of a sodium aqueduct. J Gen Physiol. 2009 Jan;133(1):1-fifteen. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200810103. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [Article]
Karoly R, Lenkey N, Juhasz AO, Vizi ES, Mike A: Fast- or dull-inactivated state preference of Na+ channel inhibitors: a simulation and experimental study. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 17;half-dozen(half-dozen):e1000818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000818. [Article]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological activity: Yep
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in sa node cell action potential
Specific Function: This poly peptide mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or airtight conformations in response to the voltage divergence across the membrane, the pr...
Factor Proper name: SCN5A
Uniprot ID: Q14524
Uniprot Name: Sodium aqueduct protein type v subunit alpha
Molecular Weight: 226937.475 Da

References

Itoh H, Tsuji K, Sakaguchi T, Nagaoka I, Oka Y, Nakazawa Y, Yao T, Jo H, Ashihara T, Ito M, Horie M, Imoto Grand: A paradoxical effect of lidocaine for the N406S mutation of SCN5A associated with Brugada syndrome. Int J Cardiol. 2007 October 18;121(3):239-48. Epub 2007 April 18. [Article]
Fedida D, Orth PM, Hesketh JC, Ezrin AM: The role of late I and antiarrhythmic drugs in EAD formation and termination in Purkinje fibers. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006 May;17 Suppl 1:S71-S78. [Article]
Wallace CH, Baczko I, Jones L, Fercho Chiliad, Light PE: Inhibition of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channels by grape polyphenols. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;149(six):657-65. Epub 2006 Oct 3. [Commodity]
Cerne A, Bergh C, Borg K, Ek I, Gejervall AL, Hillensjo T, Olofsson JI, Stener-Victorin Eastward, Forest M, Westlander G: Pre-ovarian block versus paracervical block for oocyte retrieval. Hum Reprod. 2006 Nov;21(11):2916-21. Epub 2006 Jul 13. [Article]
Muroi Y, Chanda B: Local anesthetics disrupt energetic coupling between the voltage-sensing segments of a sodium aqueduct. J Gen Physiol. 2009 January;133(i):1-xv. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200810103. Epub 2008 Dec 15. [Article]
Karoly R, Lenkey N, Juhasz AO, Vizi ES, Mike A: Fast- or wearisome-inactivated state preference of Na+ channel inhibitors: a simulation and experimental written report. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jun 17;half-dozen(vi):e1000818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000818. [Commodity]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Deportment: Antagonist

General Function: Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
Specific Function: Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into advisable cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TG...
Factor Name: EGFR
Uniprot ID: P00533
Uniprot Proper noun: Epidermal growth cistron receptor
Molecular Weight: 134276.185 Da

References

Sakaguchi Grand, Kuroda Y, Hirose Yard: The antiproliferative effect of lidocaine on human tongue cancer cells with inhibition of the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor. Anesth Analg. 2006 Apr;102(4):1103-7. [Article]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Office: Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
Specific Role: This poly peptide mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage deviation beyond the membrane, the pr...
Cistron Proper noun: SCN4A
Uniprot ID: P35499
Uniprot Proper noun: Sodium aqueduct protein type 4 subunit alpha
Molecular Weight: 208059.175 Da

References

Leuwer G, Haeseler G, Hecker H, Bufler J, Dengler R, Aronson JK: An improved model for the bounden of lidocaine and structurally related local anaesthetics to fast-inactivated voltage-operated sodium channels, showing show of cooperativity. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;141(1):47-54. Epub 2003 Dec 8. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological activity: Unknown

General Function: Non Available
Specific Office: Functions as ship protein in the claret stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Too binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...
Gene Proper noun: ORM1
Uniprot ID: P02763
Uniprot Name: Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein one
Molecular Weight: 23511.38 Da

References

Herve F, Duche JC, d'Athis P, Marche C, Barre J, Tillement JP: Binding of disopyramide, methadone, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine, lignocaine and progesterone to the ii master genetic variants of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: evidence for drug-binding differences between the variants and for the presence of two separate drug-binding sites on alpha 1-acrid glycoprotein. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 October;6(v):403-15. [Commodity]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

Full general Function: Not Available
Specific Role: Functions as send protein in the claret stream. Binds various hydrophobic ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and ava...
Gene Name: ORM2
Uniprot ID: P19652
Uniprot Proper noun: Blastoff-one-acid glycoprotein 2
Molecular Weight: 23602.43 Da

References

Herve F, Duche JC, d'Athis P, Marche C, Barre J, Tillement JP: Binding of disopyramide, methadone, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine, lignocaine and progesterone to the 2 principal genetic variants of human being alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: testify for drug-binding differences betwixt the variants and for the presence of two carve up drug-binding sites on alpha 1-acrid glycoprotein. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 October;6(five):403-fifteen. [Commodity]

Enzymes

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological activeness: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activeness
Specific Office: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Cistron Proper name: CYP3A4
Uniprot ID: P08684
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight: 57342.67 Da

References

Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and three-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65. [Article]
Zhang J, Zhu J, Yao X, Duan Y, Zhou X, Yang M, Li X: Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Metabolized by CYP3A4 in Chinese Han Volunteers Living at Low Distance and in Native Han and Tibetan Chinese Volunteers Living at High Distance. Pharmacology. 2016;97(3-4):107-thirteen. doi: ten.1159/000443332. Epub 2016 Jan 6. [Article]
Mustajoki P, Mustajoki S, Rautio A, Arvela P, Pelkonen O: Furnishings of heme arginate on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of drugs in patients with variegate porphyria and in healthy men. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Jul;56(1):9-13. doi: x.1038/clpt.1994.94. [Article]
Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

Inhibitor

General Role: Steroid hydroxylase activeness
Specific Function: Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that information technology oxidizes. Information technology is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name: CYP2D6
Uniprot ID: P10635
Uniprot Proper name: Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight: 55768.94 Da

References

Masubuchi Y, Takahashii C, Fujio N, Horie T, Suzuki T, Imaoka S, Funae Y, Narimatsu Due south: Inhibition and induction of cytochrome P450 isozymes after repetitive assistants of imipramine in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Sep;23(9):999-1003. [Commodity]
Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and iii-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(viii):959-65. [Article]
Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Oxygen binding
Specific Office: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron ship pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP3A5
Uniprot ID: P20815
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight: 57108.065 Da

References

Flockhart Tabular array of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Role: Oxygen binding
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a grouping of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. Information technology oxidizes a diverseness of structurally un...
Gene Proper name: CYP3A7
Uniprot ID: P24462
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight: 57525.03 Da

References

Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Unknown

Actions

Substrate

Inhibitor

General Part: Oxidoreductase activeness, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Role: Cytochromes P450 are a grouping of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron ship pathway. It oxidizes a diversity of structurally un...
Cistron Proper name: CYP1A2
Uniprot ID: P05177
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight: 58293.76 Da

References

Wang B, Zhou SF: Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218. [Article]
Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and three-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(viii):959-65. [Article]
Wei X, Dai R, Zhai South, Thummel KE, Friedman FK, Vestal RE: Inhibition of human liver cytochrome P-450 1A2 by the class IB antiarrhythmics mexiletine, lidocaine, and tocainide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):853-8. [Article]
Orlando R, Piccoli P, De Martin Due south, Padrini R, Floreani M, Palatini P: Cytochrome P450 1A2 is a major determinant of lidocaine metabolism in vivo: effects of liver part. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 January;75(1):80-viii. doi: ten.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.007. [Commodity]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

Full general Office: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Role: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron send pathway. It oxidizes a diversity of structurally united nations...
Cistron Name: CYP2C9
Uniprot ID: P11712
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight: 55627.365 Da

References

Rendic South: Summary of information on man CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism information. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
Wang JS, Backman JT, Taavitsainen P, Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT: Interest of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine North-deethylation and three-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65. [Article]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological activity: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Office: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name: CYP2C8
Uniprot ID: P10632
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight: 55824.275 Da

References

Rendic Southward: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(ane-ii):83-448. [Commodity]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological activeness: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function: Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activeness. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Const...
Factor Name: CYP2A6
Uniprot ID: P11509
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2A6
Molecular Weight: 56501.005 Da

References

Rendic S: Summary of data on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism information. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]

Kind: Poly peptide
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Substrate

General Function: Steroid hydroxylase action
Specific Function: Cytochromes P450 are a grouping of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. Information technology oxidizes a diverseness of structurally un...
Gene Proper noun: CYP2B6
Uniprot ID: P20813
Uniprot Name: Cytochrome P450 2B6
Molecular Weight: 56277.81 Da

References

Hedrich WD, Hassan HE, Wang H: Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425. doi: ten.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.016. Epub 2016 Aug nine. [Article]

Transporters

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Part: Symporter activity
Specific Function: Sodium-ion dependent, high analogousness carnitine transporter. Involved in the agile cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports i sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Too transports organic true cat...
Gene Name: SLC22A5
Uniprot ID: O76082
Uniprot Name: Solute carrier family 22 member v
Molecular Weight: 62751.08 Da

References

Ohashi R, Tamai I, Nezu Ji J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto Northward, Oku A, Sai Y, Shimane M, Tsuji A: Molecular and physiological bear witness for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):358-66. [Commodity]

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Inhibitor

General Function: Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Office: Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name: ABCB1
Uniprot ID: P08183
Uniprot Name: Multidrug resistance protein one
Molecular Weight: 141477.255 Da

References

Wang E, Lew Grand, Barecki M, Casciano CN, Cloudless RP, Johnson WW: Quantitative distinctions of agile site molecular recognition by P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4. Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Dec;14(12):1596-603. [Article]
Nagy H, Goda Chiliad, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo Thou Jr: Singled-out groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished past competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(iv):942-9. [Article]
Hu Y, Qin X, Cao H, Yu South, Feng J: Reversal effects of local anesthetics on P-glycoprotein-mediated cancer multidrug resistance. Anticancer Drugs. 2017 Mar;28(three):243-249. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000455. [Commodity]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 thirteen:24 / Updated at March 02, 2022 15:01

lawsonloore1983.blogspot.com

Source: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00281

Lawson Loore1983

Duane Reade Packing Tape Drug Store Near Me

Lidocaine

Targets

References

References

References

References

References

References

References

Enzymes

References

References

References

References

References

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References

References

References

Transporters

References

References

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